A detailed 3D reconstruction of Robert the Bruce’s face, created using modern digital techniques, is now on display at Dunfermline Abbey, coinciding with the 750th anniversary of the Scottish king’s birth.
The model, a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and Liverpool John Moores University Face Lab, aims to provide visitors with a visual representation of the medieval monarch.
The reconstruction process involved initially laser scanning Bruce’s skull cast, which is held at the Hunterian Museum, before mapping muscle formation based on skull bone positions, and applying realistic skin textures.
The team produced two digital versions – one without leprosy and another with mild symptoms – to address historical debates about Bruce’s health. The physical 3D model on display shows no visible signs of leprosy.
The model features a historically informed helmet and crown, representing how Bruce may have appeared at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
Alasdair Campbell, Interpretation Officer at Historic Environment Scotland (HES), said the reconstructed head “allows our visitors to visualise Robert the Bruce’s story in a new way. It’s a tool for engaging with history.”
Dr Martin MacGregor, Senior Lecturer in History at University of Glasgow, added: “Contemporary sources tell us much about Bruce’s remarkable life, but virtually nothing about his appearance. This reconstruction aims to bring us face-to-face with Scotland’s monarch.”
“In 55 years, Robert Bruce restored peace and freedom to Scotland. This model helps us connect with that legacy.”
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